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= Basic Git usage =
+
[https://git-scm.com/ Git] is a free and open source [[wikipedia:Revision_control|version control system]]. It is used by programmers to keep track of the different versions of the files composing a software.
== Getting VLC or x264 source code via Git ==
+
 
  $ git clone git://git.videolan.org/vlc.git
+
== Basic Git usage ==
 +
 
 +
If you are using '''Windows''', please read the [[Git Windows]] page.
 +
 
 +
=== Getting VLC or x264 source code via Git ===
 +
 +
  {{$}} git clone https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc.git
 
Voilà! The full VLC history should be on your hard disk in vlc/.
 
Voilà! The full VLC history should be on your hard disk in vlc/.
  
  $ git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264.git
+
  $ git clone https://code.videolan.org/videolan/x264.git
 
Voilà! The full x264 history should be on your hard disk in x264/.
 
Voilà! The full x264 history should be on your hard disk in x264/.
  
 +
If you want only the last 3 VLC revisions:
 +
$ git clone https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc.git --depth 3
  
 +
Clones without the full revision set (--depth) can't be used for backporting (or to make sure that you're including at least commits up to the common fork point).
  
You can also clone using http with out repo.or.cz mirror.
+
You can find the stable VLC version in the 3.0.x branch, to check just that out use:
 +
 
 +
$ git clone --single-branch --branch 3.0.x https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc.git
 +
Voilà! You got the stable branch repository.
 +
 
 +
See https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc
 +
 
 +
Or via http protocol from github (github can sometimes be a bit behind as a mirror):
 +
https://github.com/videolan/vlc.git
 +
See https://github.com/videolan/vlc
 +
 
 +
You can also clone using http via our repo.or.cz mirror.
 
  $ git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/vlc.git
 
  $ git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/vlc.git
 +
See http://repo.or.cz/w/vlc.git (a mirror).
  
  $ git log
+
==== After cloning ====
 +
 
 +
  {{$}} git log
 
to see the full log of the trunk.
 
to see the full log of the trunk.
 
  $ gitk
 
  $ gitk
 
to see the log graphically.
 
to see the log graphically.
  
You can also browse the sources via [http://git.videolan.org/ gitweb].
+
You can also browse the sources on [https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc GitLab].
  
== Configure your global git config ==
+
=== Configure your global git config ===
 
May need to use  
 
May need to use  
$ git repo-config {various options}
+
{{$}} git repo-config <various options>
1.4.4.2 Requires the repo-config command rather than just config
+
1.4.4.2 Requires the <kbd>repo-config</kbd> command rather than just <kbd>config</kbd>
  
=== Personal Information ===
+
==== Personal Information ====
 
Tell git your name. (use mostly by git-commit)
 
Tell git your name. (use mostly by git-commit)
  $ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
+
  {{$}} git config --global user.name "Your Name"
 
  $ git config --global user.email "me@example.com"
 
  $ git config --global user.email "me@example.com"
  
=== Using git with color (Tip) ===
+
==== Mail Setup ====
 +
To send patches you'll need a working git-send-email configuration.
 +
=====Built-in SMTP support (easiest)=====
 +
''git-send-email'' has built in support for sending e-mail through [[wikipedia:SMTP|SMTP]]. You'll need a command line similar to the following one:
 +
 
 +
git-send-email --annotate --smtp-server=smtp.example.com --smtp-server-port=587 --smtp-encryption=tls --smtp-user="yourname@example.com" <...>
 +
 
 +
=====MSMTP=====
 +
You can use [https://marlam.de/msmtp/ msmtp] to achieve this. Install it with tls and ssl activated and place the following config file (.msmtprc) in your home directory
 +
# msmtp configuration file
 +
 +
# Set default values for all following accounts.
 +
defaults
 +
tls on
 +
tls_starttls on
 +
tls_trust_file /certificates/EquifaxSecureCertificateAuthority.crt
 +
logfile /log/.msmtp.log
 +
 +
# GMAIL
 +
account gmail
 +
host smtp.gmail.com
 +
port 587
 +
protocol smtp
 +
from user.name@gmail.com
 +
auth on
 +
user user.name@gmail.com
 +
 +
# Set a default account
 +
account default : gmail
 +
Then configure git to use msmtp. The password will be asked for upon sending mail.
 +
{{$}} git config --global sendemail.smtpserver /usr/local/bin/msmtp
 +
The certificate for gmail can be found here: [https://www.geotrust.com/resources/extended-validation-ssl/certs/Equifax%20Secure%20Certificate%20Authority.crt EquifaxSecureCertificateAuthority.crt]
 +
 
 +
If you receive a '''<samp>cannot set X509 trust file</samp>''' error when using another CA certificate, make sure it is in the PEM (text format) rather than DER format (binary).
 +
 
 +
=====macOS=====
 +
 
 +
Setup info with e.g. gmail account
 +
{{$}} git config --global sendemail.smtpserver smtp.gmail.com
 +
$ git config --global sendemail.smtpuser your-gmail-address-here
 +
$ git config --global sendemail.smtpencryption tls
 +
$ git config --global sendemail.smtpserverport 587
 +
 
 +
If errors occur telling you something like perl's SMTP::SSL package is not there. Do the following
 +
$ sudo -H cpan Net::SMTP::SSL
 +
 
 +
==== Using git with color (Tip) ====
 
If you want to use git with colored output use:
 
If you want to use git with colored output use:
  $ git config --global color.ui true
+
  {{$}} git config --global color.ui true
  
 
If you are using an old git version (prior to 1.5.5) and previous command didn't work, use:
 
If you are using an old git version (prior to 1.5.5) and previous command didn't work, use:
Line 38: Line 107:
 
  $ git config --global color.branch auto
 
  $ git config --global color.branch auto
  
=== Setting up "git up" (Tip) ===
+
==== Setting up "git up" (Tip) ====
 
If you want to be able to just keep in sync using "git up" use:
 
If you want to be able to just keep in sync using "git up" use:
  $ git config --global alias.up "pull --rebase"
+
  {{$}} git config --global alias.up "pull --rebase"
 
And if you like your tree to be messy and don't want git to complain (like in svn) use:
 
And if you like your tree to be messy and don't want git to complain (like in svn) use:
  $ git config --global alias.up '!sh -c "git stash && git pull --rebase && git stash apply"'
+
  $ git config --global alias.up '!sh -c "git commit -a -m "Before rebase" && git pull --rebase && git reset head^"'
  
=== Setting up "git wu" (Git What's Up) (Tip) ===
+
==== Setting up "git wu" (Git What's Up) (Tip) ====
 
If you want to see what you are about to "git push":
 
If you want to see what you are about to "git push":
  $ git config --global alias.wu "log --stat origin..@{0}"
+
  {{$}} git config --global alias.wu "log --stat origin..@{0}"
 
Now use:
 
Now use:
 
  $ git wu
 
  $ git wu
 +
Note that this only works for the master branch.
  
=== Setting up "git wup" (Git What's Up - with patch) (Tip) ===
+
==== Setting up "git wup" (Git What's Up - with patch) (Tip) ====
 
If you want to see what you are about to "git push", along with the diff:
 
If you want to see what you are about to "git push", along with the diff:
  $ git config --global alias.wup "log -p origin..@{0}"
+
  {{$}} git config --global alias.wup "log -p origin..@{0}"
 
Now use:
 
Now use:
 
  $ git wup
 
  $ git wup
  
== General GIT Workflow ==
+
=== Set up Hooks (Tip) ===
1.  Make your file edits in your local repository.
+
If you are using Qt-creator and want to keep your files listing in sync,
 
+
just set up a post-checkout hook accordingly.
2.  "git commit"     the changes in your local repository
+
<syntaxhighlight lang="bash">
 
+
#!/bin/sh
3. "git pull --rebase" or "git up" (if you did ''git config --global alias.up "pull --rebase"'') to bring the rest of your local repository up to date
+
# this file as .git/hooks/post-checkout
 
+
  if test -f vlc.files
4. "git log origin..master"    to check what you are going to commit
+
  then
 
+
        echo "Updating Qt files list"
4.  "git push"   to move your changes up to the master
+
        git ls-files > vlc.files
 
+
  fi
"git stash"    if you want to "hide" your changesDo this if you think there may be other commits against the same things you are working on and want to refresh your local checkout (using a git pull --rebase) from the master. Use "git stash apply" to get your stash back.
+
</syntaxhighlight>
  
"git checkout -f master"    if you think your tree is pretty hopeless, need a kill-and-fill to bring the master into your local repository.
+
=== General GIT Workflow ===
 +
# Make your file edits in your local repository.
 +
# "git commit"      the changes in your local repository
 +
# "git pull --rebase"  or "git up" (if you did ''git config --global alias.up "pull --rebase"'') to bring the rest of your local repository up to date
 +
# "git log origin..master"    to check what you are going to commit
 +
# "git push"    to move your changes up to the master
 +
# "git stash"    if you want to "hide" your changes.  Do this if you think there may be other commits against the same things you are working on and want to refresh your local checkout (using a git pull --rebase) from the master. Use "git stash apply" to get your stash back.
 +
# "git checkout -f master"    if you think your tree is pretty hopeless, need a kill-and-fill to bring the master into your local repository.
  
== List the local branch ==
+
=== List the local branch ===
 
You can now list your local branch by doing
 
You can now list your local branch by doing
  $ git branch
+
  {{$}} git branch
which should ouput
+
which should output
 
  $ git branch
 
  $ git branch
 
  * master
 
  * master
  
== List your local non committed changes ==
+
=== List your local non committed changes ===
  $ git status | less
+
  {{$}} git status | less
  
== Commit ==
+
=== Commit ===
Now you can start to work on your tree. As soon as you feel you have reached a step in developement where you can commit your work '''locally''', use
+
Now you can start to work on your tree. As soon as you feel you have reached a step in development where you can commit your work '''locally''', use
  $ git commit -a
+
  {{$}} git commit -a
 
or
 
or
 
  $ git commit <specific files>
 
  $ git commit <specific files>
Line 90: Line 167:
 
  $ git commit <specific files> --author "Name Surname <user@domain.com>"
 
  $ git commit <specific files> --author "Name Surname <user@domain.com>"
  
== List your commits ==
+
=== List your commits ===
  $ git log
+
  {{$}} git log
 
 
  
  
== Keeping your local working branch in sync ==
+
=== Keeping your local working branch in sync ===
  $ git pull --rebase
+
  {{$}} git pull --rebase
  
 
To shorten up that command type
 
To shorten up that command type
Line 104: Line 180:
 
  $ git up
 
  $ git up
  
== Use a graphical interface ==
+
=== Use a graphical interface ===
  $ gitk          # Tree Browser
+
  {{$}} gitk          # Tree Browser
 
  $ qgit          # Tree Browser
 
  $ qgit          # Tree Browser
 
  $ git-gui      # Commit/push/... editor
 
  $ git-gui      # Commit/push/... editor
  
== Submitting patches to the vlc-devel ==
+
== Submitting patches ==
  
 
First make sure you have '''read''' our [[Sending Patches]] page. And that you've '''read''' the [[Sending Patches#Check_List| Check List]].
 
First make sure you have '''read''' our [[Sending Patches]] page. And that you've '''read''' the [[Sending Patches#Check_List| Check List]].
  
 
If you have been developing on vlc locally and (still) don't have write access, you can submit all your commits in one shot using:
 
If you have been developing on vlc locally and (still) don't have write access, you can submit all your commits in one shot using:
  $ rm -Rf patches
+
  {{$}} rm -Rf patches
 
  $ git format-patch -o patches origin
 
  $ git format-patch -o patches origin
  $ git-send-email --to vlc-devel@videolan.org patches
+
  $ git send-email --to vlc-devel@videolan.org patches
 +
If you want to create a cover letter for multiple patches use:
 +
$ git format-patch -o patches origin -n --cover-letter
 +
$ git send-email --annotate --cover-letter --to vlc-devel@videolan.org patches
 
If you have multiple patch consider using:
 
If you have multiple patch consider using:
  $ git-send-email --compose --no-chain-reply-to --to vlc-devel@videolan.org patches
+
  $ git send-email --compose --no-chain-reply-to --to vlc-devel@videolan.org patches
 
This will produce the patches for each local commit in the directory "patches" and send them.
 
This will produce the patches for each local commit in the directory "patches" and send them.
 
Use --no-chain-reply-to make sure it doesn't reply.
 
Use --no-chain-reply-to make sure it doesn't reply.
 +
 +
For x264, do the same with x264-devel@videolan.org
  
 
<!-- what does the following mean? -->
 
<!-- what does the following mean? -->
Line 134: Line 215:
 
** ..
 
** ..
  
= Advanced usage =
+
== Advanced usage ==
== Creating a secondary local branch ==
+
=== Creating a secondary local branch ===
 
If you want to work on a specific project that could require a branch of the trunk, create a local branch of the current branch by doing:
 
If you want to work on a specific project that could require a branch of the trunk, create a local branch of the current branch by doing:
  $ git branch mywork
+
  {{$}} git branch mywork
 
and to actually use it do:
 
and to actually use it do:
 
  $ git checkout mywork
 
  $ git checkout mywork
Line 146: Line 227:
 
  $ git checkout master
 
  $ git checkout master
  
== Fetching a remote branch ==
+
=== Fetching a remote branch ===
 
To see the remote branch use:
 
To see the remote branch use:
  $ git branch -r
+
  {{$}} git branch -r
 
If the remote branch is named 0.8.6-bugfix
 
If the remote branch is named 0.8.6-bugfix
 
  $ git branch 0.8.6-bugfix origin/0.8.6-bugfix  
 
  $ git branch 0.8.6-bugfix origin/0.8.6-bugfix  
Line 177: Line 258:
  
 
To push to the remote branch, use:
 
To push to the remote branch, use:
  $git push origin 0.8.6-bugfix:0.8.6-bugfix
+
  $ git push origin 0.8.6-bugfix:0.8.6-bugfix
  
== Creating a remote branch ==
+
=== Creating a remote branch ===
 
If the new remote branch is named 0.9.0-bugfix, and is based on the local master branch.
 
If the new remote branch is named 0.9.0-bugfix, and is based on the local master branch.
 
First make sure everything go as planned with the --dry-run option:
 
First make sure everything go as planned with the --dry-run option:
  $ git push --dry-run origin master:refs/heads/0.9.0-stable
+
  {{$}} git push --dry-run origin master:refs/heads/0.9.0-stable
 
  To git@git.videolan.org:vlc.git
 
  To git@git.videolan.org:vlc.git
 
  * [new branch]      master -> 0.9.0-stable
 
  * [new branch]      master -> 0.9.0-stable
Line 194: Line 275:
 
   origin/master
 
   origin/master
  
To checkout that branch now see ''Fetching a remote branch''
+
To checkout that branch now see ''[[#Fetching a remote branch]]''
 +
 
 +
=== Backporting commits ===
 +
It is possible to "backport" commit between the master branch and a -bugfix branch. However since VDD'09, the bugfix branches have been split to their own git repositories. This leaves us with 2 cases.
  
== Publishing your own fork ==
+
==== Normal simple case ====
Goto [http://repo.or.cz/w/vlc.git http://repo.or.cz/w/vlc.git] and click [http://repo.or.cz/m/regproj.cgi?name=vlc/ fork]. You will be able to publish your work there.
 
  
Please don't forget to send a mail to the vlc-devel as soon as you create your fork.
+
Go to your -bugfix branch:
 +
{{$}} git checkout 1.0-bugfix
  
== Revert your non-committed local changes ==
+
Backport the commit:
  $ git checkout -f
+
$ git cherry-pick -x -s <sha-id of commit>
 +
 
 +
If git fails to do the backport by itself, you'll be presented with the usual options in case of a failed merge or patching. Use "git status", your favorite editor or "git mergetool" to resolve the situation. Then use "git add" and "git commit -c <sha-id of backported commit>".
 +
Then push your commit as usual.
 +
 
 +
==== Case of VLC bugfix branches ====
 +
Due to the number of commits in vlc.git and the amount of divergence between the master and 1.0-bugfix branches, they have been separated into two different git repositories. But that doesn't block you from backporting.
 +
 
 +
Get the -bugfix git:
 +
{{$}} git clone https://git.videolan.org/git/vlc/vlc-1.0.git vlc-bugfix
 +
Add vlc.git as an additional remote:
 +
$ git remote add vlc-master https://git.videolan.org/git/vlc.git
 +
Update the information from vlc-master
 +
$ git fetch vlc-master
 +
Backport as normal
 +
$ git cherry-pick -x -s <sha-id of commit>
 +
 
 +
=== Publishing your own fork ===
 +
Go to [http://repo.or.cz/w/vlc.git http://repo.or.cz/w/vlc.git] and click [http://repo.or.cz/regproj.cgi?fork=vlc.git fork]. You will be able to publish your work there.
 +
 
 +
Please don't forget to send a mail to the ''vlc-devel'' mailing list as soon as you create your fork.
 +
 
 +
=== Revert your non-committed local changes ===
 +
  {{$}} git checkout -f
  
==Edit or undo not yet pushed commits ==
+
===Edit or undo not yet pushed commits ===
 
This will undo the last commit
 
This will undo the last commit
  $ git reset HEAD^
+
  {{$}} git reset HEAD^
 
which is the same as
 
which is the same as
 
  $ git reset master^
 
  $ git reset master^
Line 225: Line 332:
 
   #  squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
 
   #  squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit
  
== Diff-ing ==
+
=== Diff-ing ===
 
* You can diff between two branches using
 
* You can diff between two branches using
  $ git diff branch1 branch2
+
  {{$}} git diff branch1 branch2
 
* You can diff between the previous 10th commit and current using
 
* You can diff between the previous 10th commit and current using
 
  $ git diff HEAD~10 HEAD
 
  $ git diff HEAD~10 HEAD
Line 255: Line 362:
 
  $ git diff HEAD~4 HEAD^
 
  $ git diff HEAD~4 HEAD^
  
* Remember that to produce a patch you should rather use git-format-patch than git-diff most of the time.
+
* Remember that to produce a patch you should rather use git format-patch than git diff most of the time.
  
== Tracking regression ==
+
=== Patch-ing ===
git has a great tool called [http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-bisect.html git-bisect] to help you to track a faulty commit. Imagine you are tracking a bug that is known to appear after 0.8.6 (assuming 0.8.6 is tagged):
+
* You can apply patches using
  $ git bisect start
+
{{$}} git apply <patch>
 +
 
 +
=== Tracking regression ===
 +
git has a great tool called [https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-bisect.html git-bisect] to help you to track a faulty commit. Imagine you are tracking a bug that is known to appear after 0.8.6 (assuming 0.8.6 is tagged):
 +
  {{$}} git bisect start
 
  $ git bisect bad # tell git current version has the bug you are tracking
 
  $ git bisect bad # tell git current version has the bug you are tracking
  $ git bisect good 0.8.6 # tell git 0.8.6 didn't has the bug
+
  $ git bisect good 0.8.6 # tell git 0.8.6 didn't have the bug
 
And then git will checkout a certain revision, and ask you to test it. And you simply say whether this version has the bug.
 
And then git will checkout a certain revision, and ask you to test it. And you simply say whether this version has the bug.
 
If it has the bug:
 
If it has the bug:
Line 271: Line 382:
 
If you can provide a script that test the presence of the bug  
 
If you can provide a script that test the presence of the bug  
 
  $ git bisect run <script_name>
 
  $ git bisect run <script_name>
will be able to track down the regression by itself. See [http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-bisect.html git-bisect Documentation].
+
will be able to track down the regression by itself. See [https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/git-bisect.html git-bisect Documentation].
  
= Using Git to push to VideoLAN git =
+
== Using Git to push to VideoLAN git ==
== Initial requirement ==
+
=== Initial requirements ===
 +
* You must have credentials to push commits into the repository. For other contributors, please read upper [[#Submitting_patches|Submitting patches to the vlc-devel or x264-devel]] paragraph.
 
* Make sure you've set your name and email in your commits
 
* Make sure you've set your name and email in your commits
  $ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
+
  {{$}} git config --global user.name "Your Name"
 
  $ git config --global user.email "me@example.com"
 
  $ git config --global user.email "me@example.com"
  
== Convert your tree to use your ssh push commit access ==
+
=== Convert your tree to use your ssh push commit access ===
  $ vi vlc/.git/config
+
  {{$}} vi vlc/.git/config
And replace git://git.videolan.org/vlc.git by git@git.videolan.org:vlc.git
+
And replace
 +
https://git.videolan.org/git/vlc.git
 +
With
 +
git@git.videolan.org:vlc.git
  
== Staying up to date ==
+
=== Staying up to date ===
  $ git pull --rebase
+
{{$}} git pull --rebase
  
If you don't want to have to type --rebase everytime you pull do:
+
If you don't want to have to type --rebase every time you pull do:
 
  $ git config branch.master.rebase true
 
  $ git config branch.master.rebase true
  
 
This one creates a merge object which is not how SVN worked, so let's use the first version...
 
This one creates a merge object which is not how SVN worked, so let's use the first version...
  $ git pull
+
$ git pull
  
== Pushing your work ==
+
=== Pushing your work ===
  $ git log origin..master    # Check what you are going to push
+
{{$}} git log origin..master    # Check what you are going to push
  $ git push
+
$ git push
  
  
 
<!-- GSoC 2007
 
<!-- GSoC 2007
= Using Git to publish your work (for SoC student?) =
+
== Using Git to publish your work (for SoC student?) ==
 
First get the official VLC '''Soc''' trunk
 
First get the official VLC '''Soc''' trunk
  $ git clone git://git.videolan.org/vlc-soc.git
+
  {{$}} git clone https://git.videolan.org/git/vlc-soc.git
 
  $ cd vlc-soc
 
  $ cd vlc-soc
 
Ask for write access to a branch (called your_name_branch). Now we will make git know that you want to publish on this branch
 
Ask for write access to a branch (called your_name_branch). Now we will make git know that you want to publish on this branch
Line 313: Line 428:
 
And don't forget to publish your changes:
 
And don't forget to publish your changes:
 
  $ git push my_soc_public_branch
 
  $ git push my_soc_public_branch
Now you should be able to see your latest changes in your branch via [http://git.videolan.org/ gitweb].
+
Now you should be able to see your latest changes in your branch via [https://git.videolan.org/ gitweb].
 
-->
 
-->
 
== Windows users ==
 
'''Note for Windows users using [http://www.cygwin.com Cygwin] (linux-like build environment):'''
 
 
Applies to:
 
 
Windows XP Service Pack 2 with Security Update '''KB925902''' installed
 
Windows XP Service Pack 3
 
 
There is a problem on Windows XP (and possibly on other Microsoft Operating Systems) with 'git clone' which aborts unexpectedly with a Cygwin error during the 'checking out files' (reproducable every time and at the same percentage) at the end of the clone procedure:
 
 
$ 2 [main] git 4012 D:\cygwin\bin\git.exe:
 
  *** fatal error - '''could not load shell32, Win32 error 487'''
 
 
This has been verified (May 22, 2008) against the currently available Cygwin 1.5.25-12 with git package versions 1.5.5.1-1 and 1.5.4-1 and is a generic problem which also affects cloning from other git repositories (although x264.git seems unaffected).
 
 
The issue is referred to in the mail archives of the Cygwin project mailing list here
 
[http://sourceware.org/ml/cygwin/2007-07/msg00858.html Git error on Cygwin].
 
 
By eliminating the impossible, whatever remained, however improbable, it is the following Windows Security Update (April 3, 2007) which is actually the cause of the Cygwin issue: [http://www.microsoft.com/technet/security/bulletin/ms07-017.mspx Microsoft Security Bulletin MS07-017 - Vulnerabilities in GDI Could Allow Remote Code Execution (925902)]
 
 
Even though the same Security Update applies to the following systems, these are reported not to be affected:
 
 
Windows Vista Service Pack 1
 
Windows 2003 Server Standard Service Pack 2
 
 
''It is possible to get 'git clone' working again on the affected systems by removing the Security Update (KB925902) but this is obviously not recommended for security reasons.''
 
 
---
 
 
To use git with Cygwin (for WinXP) do this:
 
 
[Start][Run] and type "cmd".
 
 
 
Change to the directory where you desire to download x264 to:
 
 
cd c:\ffmpeg-SVN\
 
 
 
If you have installed Cygwin in the standard location then type this:
 
 
C:\ffmpeg-SVN\>c:\cygwin\bin\git clone git://git.videolan.org/x264.git
 
 
Initialized empty Git repository in /cygdrive/c/ffmpeg-SVN/x264/.git/<br>
 
remote: Generating pack...<br>
 
remote: Done counting 6710 objects.<br>
 
remote: Deltifying 6710 objects...<br>
 
remote:  100% (6710/6710) done<br>
 
remote: Total 6710 (delta 5345), reused 156 (delta 123)                :<br>
 
Receiving objects: 100% (6710/6710), 1.63 MiB | 25 KiB/s, done.<br>
 
Resolving deltas: 100% (5345/5345), done.<br>
 
 
 
You can use Cygwin's git under the DOS shell but if you try the same
 
command under the Cygwin (Bash) shell you get an error message.
 
 
---
 
  
 
= Documentation about git =
 
= Documentation about git =
* [http://git.or.cz/ Official Git Website]
+
* [https://git-scm.com/ Official Git Website]
* [http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/tutorial.html Git Tutorial]
+
* [https://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/tutorial.html Git Tutorial]
 
* [http://git.or.cz/course/svn.html Switching from SVN to git using cogito]
 
* [http://git.or.cz/course/svn.html Switching from SVN to git using cogito]
* [http://wiki.sourcemage.org/Git_Guide Very good Git guide]
+
* [https://sourcemage.org/Git%20guide Very good Git guide]
  
[[Category:Building]]
+
[[Category:Coding]]

Latest revision as of 20:12, 18 June 2021

Git is a free and open source version control system. It is used by programmers to keep track of the different versions of the files composing a software.

Basic Git usage

If you are using Windows, please read the Git Windows page.

Getting VLC or x264 source code via Git

$ git clone https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc.git

Voilà! The full VLC history should be on your hard disk in vlc/.

$ git clone https://code.videolan.org/videolan/x264.git

Voilà! The full x264 history should be on your hard disk in x264/.

If you want only the last 3 VLC revisions:

$ git clone https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc.git --depth 3

Clones without the full revision set (--depth) can't be used for backporting (or to make sure that you're including at least commits up to the common fork point).

You can find the stable VLC version in the 3.0.x branch, to check just that out use:

$ git clone --single-branch --branch 3.0.x https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc.git

Voilà! You got the stable branch repository.

See https://code.videolan.org/videolan/vlc

Or via http protocol from github (github can sometimes be a bit behind as a mirror): https://github.com/videolan/vlc.git See https://github.com/videolan/vlc

You can also clone using http via our repo.or.cz mirror.

$ git clone http://repo.or.cz/r/vlc.git

See http://repo.or.cz/w/vlc.git (a mirror).

After cloning

$ git log

to see the full log of the trunk.

$ gitk

to see the log graphically.

You can also browse the sources on GitLab.

Configure your global git config

May need to use

$ git repo-config <various options> 

1.4.4.2 Requires the repo-config command rather than just config

Personal Information

Tell git your name. (use mostly by git-commit)

$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
$ git config --global user.email "me@example.com"

Mail Setup

To send patches you'll need a working git-send-email configuration.

Built-in SMTP support (easiest)

git-send-email has built in support for sending e-mail through SMTP. You'll need a command line similar to the following one:

git-send-email --annotate --smtp-server=smtp.example.com --smtp-server-port=587 --smtp-encryption=tls --smtp-user="yourname@example.com" <...>
MSMTP

You can use msmtp to achieve this. Install it with tls and ssl activated and place the following config file (.msmtprc) in your home directory

# msmtp configuration file

# Set default values for all following accounts.
defaults
tls on
tls_starttls on
tls_trust_file /certificates/EquifaxSecureCertificateAuthority.crt
logfile /log/.msmtp.log

# GMAIL
account gmail
host smtp.gmail.com
port 587
protocol smtp
from user.name@gmail.com
auth on
user user.name@gmail.com

# Set a default account
account default : gmail

Then configure git to use msmtp. The password will be asked for upon sending mail.

$ git config --global sendemail.smtpserver /usr/local/bin/msmtp

The certificate for gmail can be found here: EquifaxSecureCertificateAuthority.crt

If you receive a cannot set X509 trust file error when using another CA certificate, make sure it is in the PEM (text format) rather than DER format (binary).

macOS

Setup info with e.g. gmail account

$ git config --global sendemail.smtpserver smtp.gmail.com
$ git config --global sendemail.smtpuser your-gmail-address-here
$ git config --global sendemail.smtpencryption tls
$ git config --global sendemail.smtpserverport 587

If errors occur telling you something like perl's SMTP::SSL package is not there. Do the following

$ sudo -H cpan Net::SMTP::SSL

Using git with color (Tip)

If you want to use git with colored output use:

$ git config --global color.ui true

If you are using an old git version (prior to 1.5.5) and previous command didn't work, use:

$ git config --global color.diff auto
$ git config --global color.status auto
$ git config --global color.branch auto

Setting up "git up" (Tip)

If you want to be able to just keep in sync using "git up" use:

$ git config --global alias.up "pull --rebase"

And if you like your tree to be messy and don't want git to complain (like in svn) use:

$ git config --global alias.up '!sh -c "git commit -a -m "Before rebase" && git pull --rebase && git reset head^"'

Setting up "git wu" (Git What's Up) (Tip)

If you want to see what you are about to "git push":

$ git config --global alias.wu "log --stat origin..@{0}"

Now use:

$ git wu

Note that this only works for the master branch.

Setting up "git wup" (Git What's Up - with patch) (Tip)

If you want to see what you are about to "git push", along with the diff:

$ git config --global alias.wup "log -p origin..@{0}"

Now use:

$ git wup

Set up Hooks (Tip)

If you are using Qt-creator and want to keep your files listing in sync, just set up a post-checkout hook accordingly.

 #!/bin/sh
 # this file as .git/hooks/post-checkout
 if test -f vlc.files
 then
        echo "Updating Qt files list"
        git ls-files > vlc.files
 fi

General GIT Workflow

  1. Make your file edits in your local repository.
  2. "git commit" the changes in your local repository
  3. "git pull --rebase" or "git up" (if you did git config --global alias.up "pull --rebase") to bring the rest of your local repository up to date
  4. "git log origin..master" to check what you are going to commit
  5. "git push" to move your changes up to the master
  6. "git stash" if you want to "hide" your changes. Do this if you think there may be other commits against the same things you are working on and want to refresh your local checkout (using a git pull --rebase) from the master. Use "git stash apply" to get your stash back.
  7. "git checkout -f master" if you think your tree is pretty hopeless, need a kill-and-fill to bring the master into your local repository.

List the local branch

You can now list your local branch by doing

$ git branch

which should output

$ git branch
* master

List your local non committed changes

$ git status | less

Commit

Now you can start to work on your tree. As soon as you feel you have reached a step in development where you can commit your work locally, use

$ git commit -a

or

$ git commit <specific files>

If you wish to give credit to someone else's work (e.g. you are applying a third party patch):

$ git commit <specific files> --author "Name Surname <user@domain.com>"

List your commits

$ git log


Keeping your local working branch in sync

$ git pull --rebase

To shorten up that command type

$ git config --global alias.up "pull --rebase"

Now you can just type:

$ git up

Use a graphical interface

$ gitk          # Tree Browser
$ qgit          # Tree Browser
$ git-gui       # Commit/push/... editor

Submitting patches

First make sure you have read our Sending Patches page. And that you've read the Check List.

If you have been developing on vlc locally and (still) don't have write access, you can submit all your commits in one shot using:

$ rm -Rf patches
$ git format-patch -o patches origin
$ git send-email --to vlc-devel@videolan.org patches

If you want to create a cover letter for multiple patches use:

$ git format-patch -o patches origin -n --cover-letter
$ git send-email --annotate --cover-letter --to vlc-devel@videolan.org patches

If you have multiple patch consider using:

$ git send-email --compose --no-chain-reply-to --to vlc-devel@videolan.org patches

This will produce the patches for each local commit in the directory "patches" and send them. Use --no-chain-reply-to make sure it doesn't reply.

For x264, do the same with x264-devel@videolan.org

Don't do:

  • [PATCH 0/m]
    • [PATCH 1/m]
      • [PATCH 2/m]
        • ...

But do:

  • [PATCH 0/m]
    • [PATCH 1/m]
    • [PATCH 2/m]
    • ..

Advanced usage

Creating a secondary local branch

If you want to work on a specific project that could require a branch of the trunk, create a local branch of the current branch by doing:

$ git branch mywork

and to actually use it do:

$ git checkout mywork

Which could be summarized by:

$ git checkout -b mywork

Then do some commit on it... And you can go back to your original master branch by doing:

$ git checkout master

Fetching a remote branch

To see the remote branch use:

$ git branch -r

If the remote branch is named 0.8.6-bugfix

$ git branch 0.8.6-bugfix origin/0.8.6-bugfix 
Branch 0.8.6-bugfix set up to track remote branch refs/remotes/origin/0.8.6-bugfix.
$ git branch
 0.8.6-bugfix
 * master

To checkout that branch use:

$ git checkout 0.8.6-bugfix

To stay up-to-date a simple

$ git pull --rebase

Should be enough.

If warnings appear that files still need updating:

$ include/libvlc_internal.h: needs update
  include/mediacontrol_internal.h: needs update
  include/vlc/libvlc.h: needs update
  include/vlc_update.h: needs update
  modules/access/mms/mms.c: needs update
  ...

Then do a checkout -f to revert non committed local changes

$ git checkout -f

To stay up-to-date another

$ git pull --rebase

Should give no more warnings.

To push to the remote branch, use:

$ git push origin 0.8.6-bugfix:0.8.6-bugfix

Creating a remote branch

If the new remote branch is named 0.9.0-bugfix, and is based on the local master branch. First make sure everything go as planned with the --dry-run option:

$ git push --dry-run origin master:refs/heads/0.9.0-stable
To git@git.videolan.org:vlc.git
* [new branch]      master -> 0.9.0-stable

Then push it:

$ git push origin master:refs/heads/0.9.0-stable
To git@git.videolan.org:vlc.git
* [new branch]      master -> 0.9.0-stable
$ git branch -r
 origin/0.9.0-stable
 origin/master

To checkout that branch now see #Fetching a remote branch

Backporting commits

It is possible to "backport" commit between the master branch and a -bugfix branch. However since VDD'09, the bugfix branches have been split to their own git repositories. This leaves us with 2 cases.

Normal simple case

Go to your -bugfix branch:

$ git checkout 1.0-bugfix

Backport the commit:

$ git cherry-pick -x -s <sha-id of commit>

If git fails to do the backport by itself, you'll be presented with the usual options in case of a failed merge or patching. Use "git status", your favorite editor or "git mergetool" to resolve the situation. Then use "git add" and "git commit -c <sha-id of backported commit>". Then push your commit as usual.

Case of VLC bugfix branches

Due to the number of commits in vlc.git and the amount of divergence between the master and 1.0-bugfix branches, they have been separated into two different git repositories. But that doesn't block you from backporting.

Get the -bugfix git:

$ git clone https://git.videolan.org/git/vlc/vlc-1.0.git vlc-bugfix

Add vlc.git as an additional remote:

$ git remote add vlc-master https://git.videolan.org/git/vlc.git

Update the information from vlc-master

$ git fetch vlc-master

Backport as normal

$ git cherry-pick -x -s <sha-id of commit>

Publishing your own fork

Go to http://repo.or.cz/w/vlc.git and click fork. You will be able to publish your work there.

Please don't forget to send a mail to the vlc-devel mailing list as soon as you create your fork.

Revert your non-committed local changes

$ git checkout -f

Edit or undo not yet pushed commits

This will undo the last commit

$ git reset HEAD^

which is the same as

$ git reset master^

(if your checked-out copy of your tree is master) And also the same as

$ git reset a44a594 # note that there is no need to use the full sha id

If you have a stack of patch that you have not yet committed you can delete one patch from the list using git rebase --interactive

$ git rebase --interactive origin
 pick eacf185 test
 pick 56322eb VLMA owner is vlma prod.

 # Rebase 826757e..56322eb onto 826757e
 #
 # Commands:
 #  pick = use commit
 #  edit = use commit, but stop for amending
 #  squash = use commit, but meld into previous commit

Diff-ing

  • You can diff between two branches using
$ git diff branch1 branch2
  • You can diff between the previous 10th commit and current using
$ git diff HEAD~10 HEAD
  • You can diff between the previous 10th commit and current of the branch "mywork" using
$ git diff mywork~10 mywork
  • Imagine that git log is like
$ git log
commit e0394f269305edd09843257e7c1d1a66aaf48ab3
Author: jb <jb>
Date:   Fri Apr 13 07:14:48 2007 +0000
   qt4 - Mousewheel (2)
commit e80b339081aa6755f67c9bd8e2aacf93a9a79d95
[..]
commit ff7004b70fd239e4120deb160e2991bd5237b8df
[..]
commit a44a594898f981a145cfcace5f16f8973f9eb46f
[..]
commit 690df705c963cf6bf6f5746d54bc97a85ff91919
[..]
commit 679f8b1c3e0baa469efa970588b95a625c595d64
[..]
$ git diff a44a594898f981a145cfcace5f16f8973f9eb46f~2 e80b339081aa6755f67c9bd8e2aacf93a9a79d95

Will be equivalent to:

$ git diff ff7004b70fd239e4120deb160e2991bd5237b8df e80b339081aa6755f67c9bd8e2aacf93a9a79d95

And to:

$ git diff HEAD~4 HEAD^
  • Remember that to produce a patch you should rather use git format-patch than git diff most of the time.

Patch-ing

  • You can apply patches using
$ git apply <patch>

Tracking regression

git has a great tool called git-bisect to help you to track a faulty commit. Imagine you are tracking a bug that is known to appear after 0.8.6 (assuming 0.8.6 is tagged):

$ git bisect start
$ git bisect bad # tell git current version has the bug you are tracking
$ git bisect good 0.8.6 # tell git 0.8.6 didn't have the bug

And then git will checkout a certain revision, and ask you to test it. And you simply say whether this version has the bug. If it has the bug:

$ git bisect bad

if the bug is not present:

$ git bisect good

And so on by bisection... At the end git will indicate the faulty commit. Most of the time this tool is really efficient to track regression.

If you can provide a script that test the presence of the bug

$ git bisect run <script_name>

will be able to track down the regression by itself. See git-bisect Documentation.

Using Git to push to VideoLAN git

Initial requirements

$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
$ git config --global user.email "me@example.com"

Convert your tree to use your ssh push commit access

$ vi vlc/.git/config

And replace

https://git.videolan.org/git/vlc.git

With

git@git.videolan.org:vlc.git

Staying up to date

$ git pull --rebase

If you don't want to have to type --rebase every time you pull do:

$ git config branch.master.rebase true

This one creates a merge object which is not how SVN worked, so let's use the first version...

$ git pull

Pushing your work

$ git log origin..master     # Check what you are going to push
$ git push


Documentation about git