VLC GPU Decoding
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Introduction to GPU decoding in VLC
The VLC framework can use your graphic card (aka GPU) to decode H.264 streams (wrongly called HD videos) under certain circonstances.
VLC, in its modular approach and its transcoding/streaming capabilities, does decoding in GPU at the decoding stage only and then gets the data back to go to the other stages (streaming, filtering or plug any video output after that).
What that means is that, compared to some other implementation, GPU decoding in VLC can be slower because it needs to get the data back from the GPU. But you can plug ANY video output (sink) to it and use all the VLC video filters.
Linux
On Linux, there is code for VDPAU and VAAPI. There is also some code for a VAAPI video output, that isn't merged in the current Git.