Win8 Dictionary

This is an attempt to reduce confusion about the new terms introduced with the release of Windows 8 in various modes, for various architectures and various restrictions.

Windows 8

Windows 8 is an Operating System from Microsoft, based on Windows NT line.

The version of this Windows NT OS has a release number of 6.2 and was released at the end of 2012.

It has a small kernel evolution from Windows 7, but the big addition of the Modern Interface mode.

It runs on x86 and x86(64bits) hardware.

Windows RT / Windows on ARM

This is the port of the Windows 8 operating system on various ARM platforms.

A contrario from what people say, Windows RT has both a "Metro" and a "Desktop" mode and can run Office.

Windows RT has Win32 APIs too.

No Desktop 3rd party applications are allowed on Windows RT (enforced by the UEFI).

NB: Windows RT is not technically a RunTime.

NB: Not to be confused with WinRT.

Windows Blue

Windows 8(+1).

It is a new version of Windows NT, but it is a small update above Windows 8, after a short development cycle.

Will be released in Summer 2013.

It will deprecate some Win32 and WinRT APIs and add new ones.

WP 7 / 7.5 / 7.8

Windows Phone 7 is an OS for mobile phones that is based on the Windows CE kernel.

Microsoft only allows Managed applications from 3rd parties. Therefore, no VLC for WP7 will exist.

WP8

Short for Windows Phone 8, WP8 is an OS for mobile phones.

WP8 is quite different from WP7, under the hood. WP8 is based on a Windows NT kernel, very likely the one from Win8.

It has most of the same WinRT APIs, and most Win32 APIs too.

Win32

The evolving set of APIs and runtime available since Windows 3.11 and still changing these days.

Windows NT 64bits is almost compatible with Win32 and Windows CE was partly compatible with Win32 APIs.

On 64bits, Windows NT uses the LLP64 model for pointers! Be careful if you are a Unix developer.

WinRT

WinRT also called Windows Runtime, is the set of APIs to develop "Modern" and WP8 applications.

All those are essentially a COM-based set of APIs, written above Win32.

It is not really the low-level runtime, since the runtime is still Win32 and MSVCRT.

To make the matter more confusing, most (if not all?) APIs from WinRT are also usable from classic desktop applications.

WinRT APIs is a moving target, depending on the version of Windows applications are run (the family).

NB: Not to be confused with Windows RT.

C++/CX (Component Extensions)

C++/CX (Component Extensions) is a language extension of C++11 from Microsoft that enables C++ programmers to write programs for WinRT, without fighting with COM.

It makes COM interop with C# transparent.

Metro Applications

Metro applications, Modern UI style apps or Windows Store apps are applications that are run integrated in the new Modern interface.

They are only available through the store or can be side-loaded from your machine.

They can use:

• All(?) WinRT COM APIs
• A subset of Win32 authorized by Microsoft.

Those APIs are supposed to be non-blocking and sandboxable.

As WinRT is not totally new runtime, the check that only the correct APIs are called is done during the Store submission, using WACK, and not at runtime.

Metro applications can run on Windows 8 and Windows RT (after a recompilation for native apps)

WP8 Metro Applications

Those are almost the same, but not quite, because of different allowance of APIs.

For example, WP8 apps are allowed to use Winsock2, not Metro apps.

Metro (Screen)

The new start/smart screen is what used to be called Metro.

It is a "Modern Experience screen", based on tiles, from which you can start "Modern applications".

Metro (language)

This is a designer style/visual language that Microsoft is pushing for the new "Modern UI".

Desktop

The Windows interface as we know it since Windows 3.11 until Windows 7.

Desktop Applications

Those are classic applications like VLC media player that use Win32 APIs, HWND, and COM-based APIs (including WinRT APIs).